- ECB endorsed centralizing supervision of systemically important crypto firms and major trading venues under ESMA, replacing the current fragmented system of 27 national regulators - The move targets regulatory arbitrage β€” large platforms currently authorize in softer jurisdictions like Luxembourg, Malta, and Ireland, which oppose the plan over fears of losing supervisory power - Part of the EU's Capital Markets Union agenda; ECB warned ESMA needs adequate staffing and funding to handle the expanded mandate. Negotiations expected to take several months before finalization by EU governments and Parliament

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