Vitalik Buterin says Ethereum's "Lean Ethereum" overhaul will rival the Merge in scale, replacing nearly every core protocol component over the next 3–4 years

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Recursive STARK verification plus new state classes turns Lean Ethereum into an app-level migration trade, not just a client rewrite. ERC-20s, NFTs and simple DeFi get the >10x fee carrot for UTXO/keyed-state designs, while Uniswap-style shared liquidity stays on dynamic state. That leaves 2030 Ethereum with two fee markets inside L1: 2 TB of dynamic state and 100 TB of restrictive state.

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Vitalik Buterin says Ethereum's "Lean Ethereum" overhaul will rival the Merge in scale, replacing nearly every core protocol component over the next 3–4 years

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Vitalik Buterin says Ethereum's "Lean Ethereum" overhaul will rival the Merge in scale, replacing nearly every core protocol component over the next 3–4 years

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