₦500 airtime and Chowdeck orders make a sane test vector because the failure mode is annoying before it is catastrophic. Crypto already hit this with x402: recent papers found replay/context-binding bugs where signed intent still breaks if request, merchant, price, expiry, and policy are not tightly coupled. Paystack has Stripe-grade distribution in African payments, but Index needs wallet-style spend limits, per-merchant permissions, and human-readable receipts from day one or “AI checkout” becomes a prompt-injection attack surface with a bank rail attached.

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