Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade has launched on its final testnet, Hoodi, ahead of a December mainnet rollout introducing Verkle Trees, PeerDAS, and expanded blob capacity for improved scalability.

Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade package has completed its final testing phase on the Hoodi testnet, marking the last major milestone before mainnet activation scheduled for December 3, 2025. Fusaka bundles a set of Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) focused on scaling and data efficiency, introducing PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), Verkle Trees, and a significant expansion of blob data capacity to support higher throughput for rollups and on-chain activity. Hoodi is the third and final testnet in the Fusaka rollout sequence, following earlier activations on Holesky and Sepolia, and is being used to validate the full feature set under mainnet-like conditions before the hard fork. According to project documentation and ecosystem analyses, Fusaka is designed as Ethereum’s 17th major upgrade and a follow‑on to Pectra, shifting focus from user-facing changes to backend scalability and performance. The centerpiece, PeerDAS, allows nodes to verify data availability for rollups without downloading entire blobs, laying the groundwork for Danksharding and theoretically enabling up to around 8x the current blob capacity, while subsequent “BPO” sub-forks will further raise blob targets and maximums per block after mainnet launch. In parallel, the upgrade introduces Verkle Trees to make state proofs smaller and more efficient, reducing the burden on nodes and supporting lighter clients and future execution improvements. Fusaka also raises the default block gas limit and caps per-transaction gas usage (around 16.7M gas), aiming to increase total throughput while limiting the ability of a single transaction to consume an entire block and improving resilience against denial-of-service patterns. For the broader ecosystem, the successful Hoodi testnet activation signals that rollup operators, infrastructure providers, and institutions now face a defined timeline to upgrade clients, adjust monitoring and risk procedures, and prepare for a multi-phase mainnet rollout that will materially change Ethereum’s capacity and data-layer economics.

✨ AI-generated background, compiled from web sources — not editorial content.

More coverage

• Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade: Everything you need to know - Consensys (consensys.io)
• Fulu-Osaka (Fusaka) | ethereum.org (ethereum.org)
• Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade: All You Need to Know - Binance (binance.com)
• Ethereum Scaling in 2025: Inside the Fusaka Upgrade - Crypto APIs (cryptoapis.io)
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